The problem of aircraft safety has always been the focus of people’s attention, and aircraft icing is a big hidden danger affecting flight safety.
Why does the plane freeze?
It is mainly due to the low temperature in the air, there are liquid water droplets below 0¡æ in the cloud. When these droplets hit the windward surface of the aircraft, they will quickly freeze and form ice.
It may seem strange that water droplets can exist in liquid form below freezing, but from a thermodynamic point of view this phenomenon is entirely possible.
In order for a water droplet to change from a liquid state to a solid state, it must overcome both the usual phase transition energy barrier and the energy barrier related to the work done by surface tension.
We call this kind of water drop below freezing temperature supercooled water drop, supercooled water drop is in an unstable state.
If there is no heating protection on the upwind surface of the aircraft when the aircraft passes through the clouds containing supercooled water droplets, the morphology of the droplets will change rapidly after the supercooled water droplets hit the surface of the aircraft. At the same time, the surface of the aircraft provides enough condensation nuclei for the droplets, making the supercooled water droplets freeze quickly on the surface of the aircraft.
When an aircraft wing freezes, drag increases, lift decreases and handling performance deteriorates.
The icing of the engine intake system will cause the distortion of the engine intake field, the obstruction of the intake channel and the deterioration of the engine performance.
Wings or engine intake system icing off if inhaled by the engine can damage the engine internal blades, causing mechanical damage;
Once the aircraft sensor freezes, it will make the flight personnel unable to obtain accurate flight parameters, causing the aircraft automatic control system to misoperate.
Icing in flight will seriously harm the safety of aircraft flight.
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