ABS (Anti-lock brake system) consists of hydraulic brake system, wheel speed sensor, brake pressure regulator, ECU and other components.
Its working principle is to monitor the wheel speed by the wheel speed sensor, the signal obtained is collected into the ECU analysis, once the monitoring of the wheel is about to lock up, the electronic controller will issue instructions to the brake pressure regulator, by which to realize the process of braking, pressure preservation, decompression, and pressurization, to avoid the tire lock up.
Emergency braking or braking on the road surface with low adhesion coefficient, such as snow and ice road, because the braking force exceeds the maximum adhesion ability that the road can provide, the wheel tends to skid between the rolling wheel and the road surface, and the wheel tends to lock.
After the wheel is locked, it will lose lateral attachment ability and cannot bear lateral force. Generally, the front wheel is locked and the car will lose steering ability, and the rear wheel is locked and will cause the car to shake tail and lose stability.
The anti-lock braking system calculates the vehicle speed, wheel angular deceleration and wheel slip rate according to the angular velocity signals of each wheel.
According to the above information, the anti-lock brake system reduces braking force when the wheel tends to lock, maintains braking force when the wheel Angle decreases or slip rate within a certain range, and restores braking force when the wheel speed increases.
In the ordinary asphalt road, especially in the wet road conditions, ABS can significantly improve the vehicle’s braking action, shorten the braking distance.
On soft roads, such as sand and snow, ABS will significantly increase the braking distance.
In this case, the locked wheels will push against the road and form a bump, which will sink into the mound. The ABS vehicle can easily go over and reduce the bump.
This makes the vehicle with ABS easier to handle in the field or snow.
ABS can strengthen the vehicle in various situations of maneuverability, the general driver can still bypass obstacles in the process of braking, which is almost impossible to do without ABS, so as to greatly improve the driving safety.
However, in most international racing events, such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race, in order to test the driver’s true driving ability, most of the cars used are not allowed to use ABS.
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