Since the emergence of aircraft in the world, although the structural form of aircraft has been constantly improved, aircraft types have been increasing, but so far, except for a few special forms of aircraft, most aircraft are composed of the following five main parts, namely: wing, fuselage, tail, landing gear and power plant.
Each has its own unique function.
The main function of the wing is to generate lift to support the aircraft in the air;
Also plays a certain stabilizing and manipulating role.
Ailerons and flaps are generally installed on the wings.
Control ailerons to roll the aircraft;
Lowering the flaps increases wing lift.
In addition, the wing can also be installed on the engine, landing gear and fuel tank.
Wings come in all shapes and numbers.
There have been biplanes in history, and even more than one.
But modern aircraft are generally monoplanes.
The main function of the fuselage is to carry crew, passengers, weapons, cargo and various equipment;
It can also connect other parts of the aircraft, such as tail, wings and engines, into a whole.
(3) Tail The tail includes a horizontal tail and a vertical tail.
The horizontal stabilizer consists of a fixed horizontal plane and a movable elevator.
The vertical tail consists of a fixed vertical stabilizer and a movable rudder.
The main function of the tail wing is to control the pitch and deflection of the aircraft, and ensure that the aircraft can fly smoothly.
(4) Landing device The landing device is used to support the aircraft and enable it to take off, land and park on the ground and at the water level.
The landing device of land aircraft is mostly composed of damping struts and wheels.
It is used to support the aircraft during takeoff and landing, ground taxiing and parking.
(5) Power plant Power plant is mainly used to generate tension or thrust to make the aircraft forward.
Secondly, it can also provide power supply for aircraft electrical equipment and air source for air conditioning equipment and other air equipment.
The power plant of modern aircraft is widely used in four kinds: one is the aviation piston engine and propeller;
Two, turbojets;
Third, turboprop engine;
The fourth is turbofan engine.
With the development of aviation technology, rocket engine, ramjet engine, atomic aviation engine and so on, will be gradually adopted.
In addition to the engine, the power plant also includes a series of systems to ensure the normal operation of the engine, such as the fuel supply system.
In addition to the above five main parts, the aircraft is equipped with various instruments, communication equipment, piloting equipment, safety equipment and other equipment according to the needs of flight control and mission execution.
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