We know that the Arctic environment makes it difficult for planes to fly in the Beijing area, but when you have to go through the Arctic area, how do you do it safely?
According to the influence of the Arctic region on flight safety, CAAC has opened four Arctic routes at present, which are divided into POLAR1, POLAR2, POLAR3 and POLAR4 based on the distance from the North Pole. We take Air China B747-400 and New York-Beijing flight as examples to make a specific discussion.
1. Carefully analyze and study the three polar weather indices, and select the best Route National Oceanic Administration and Meteorological Administration NOAA provide three space weather indices to quantify the impact of space radiation, mainly solar activity, on the earth’s environment: (1) G index:
The GEOMAGNETIC STORMS are monitored at the ground monitoring station, because of the influence of the solar wind, cause the change of the K coefficient of the earth’s magnetic field, from weak to strong, respectively G1-G5, the index up to or more than G4, then it is not suitable for flying in the polar regions.
(2) S index: SOLAR RADIATl0N STORMS are the energetic particle streams, mainly proton streams, generated by solar activities monitored by GOES satellite. The intensity ranges from weak to strong from S1-S5, and if the index reaches or exceeds S3, the storms are not suitable for flying in polar regions.
(3) R index:
RADIO BLAOUTS are monitored by the GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Monitoring satellite. X-rays emitted from the sun disturb the ionosphere, ranging from weak to strong R1 to R5, with an index of R3 or higher, which is not suitable for polar flight. According to the index of the past 24 hours, the current and the next 24 hours,
To determine whether to fly over the polar region. If all three indices are below the standard, which indicates that the solar surface, interstellar space and magnetic upper atmosphere are average, the best route is selected based on the influence of wind and turbulence index.
2. Strictly implement the aircraft minimum equipment list MEL to a high standard, complete the special equipment cold suit for polar flight, and require the flight crew to check the rescue equipment, first aid medicine kit, oxygen cylinders, flashlights, etc.
3, direct to point to check point by point CFPL position with the CDU input point of latitude and longitude, distance, direction, because most of them are composed of latitude and longitude directly location points, each point distance have a minimum of 300 miles, is aware that one false step will make a great difference, check the fuel oil and fuel type, freezing test of high frequency and satellite phone has to work normally,
Verify that ACARS print paper is sufficient, and check navigational notices, weather information, diversion and diversion plans.
4. Report the departure time, total fuel amount and arrival time to the company for sign-off in person after takeoff. When the Eastern hemisphere is N70¡ã, put the heading reference switch to TRUE, contact Beijing sign-off before N75 to obtain the latest polar index G/S/R, and determine whether to continue to enter the polar region.
Increase the cabin temperature by 1-2¡ã to resist the large temperature difference between inside and outside the cabin and give passengers a comfortable temperature. After N80 in the Western hemisphere, report the position to the signatory again and confirm to continue to the destination. When arriving at N60, switch the heading reference switch back to NORMAL position.
5. Check and pay attention to the changes of the altitude level in time:
Above the United States, Canada, Russia, with odd to the east, west is even, within the territory of RVSM route all the way, the Russian controllers to command more specification, the United States because of the relatively advanced, could command level and you are given the traditional level of barge, this time to observe the air plane, good to listen to the radio,
Remind and report your altitude level in time when switching frequencies. Under the condition that the flight has no control requirements or the controller cannot be contacted for a long time, the speed should basically keep Mach 0.85.
6. The communication is mainly based on HF and satellite phones, but the communication often fails for a short time. At this time, it is necessary to constantly call the ground controller, send the position report blindly, record the time and position, monitor the frequencies of 121.5 and 12345, and also contact the surrounding control area and the aircraft in the air to help forward the position report.
Try to use the phone patch frequency to transfer to Beijing or overseas flight stations. If a real radio communication failure occurs in the polar regions, the communication failure program of the relevant country should be executed immediately. There is a more detailed program in {AREAD}.
7. The crew shall have a reasonable rest after flying over the polar regions. The airline shall not arrange any work for the crew members within 48 hours.
Polar mission is completed, the individual should timely summarize the polar flight experience, often listen to English tape polar routes, familiar with the various countries in the arctic route controllers English accent, understand the laws of atmospheric temperature and monsoon, access to astronomical geography data, the application of the knowledge of books to the flight, you’ll become a real flight over the North Pole the safety of pilot.
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